Applied Microbiology is intended for Medical Sciences, Life Sciences, Nursing, and Pharmacy students. This book is important because of its broad concepts and explanations related to microbiology as per the Indian and foreign universities and competitive exams syllabus. This book contains sixteen units, each of which contains different concepts of applied microbiology. This review importantly highlights the history, scope, and development of microbiology, microbial physiology and control, virology, mycology, immunology, extremophiles, and different sectors of microbiology such as soil, air, water, milk, food, industrial, and pharmaceuticals. The new components which have required a change in worldview in microbiology with modern microbial science and biotechnology have been shown. However, the book is fully scientific concepts oriented and written by considering their understanding abilities for competitive exams and graduate studies.